Of the three different paths to liberation, jnana marga and karma marga are the more ancient, traceable to Vedic era literature. In modern classifications, classical yoga, being called Raja yoga, is mentioned as a fourth one, an extension introduced by Vivekananda. It is one of the three classical types of yoga mentioned in Hindu philosophies, the other two being karma yoga and bhakti. Jñāna yoga is the path towards attaining jnana. This explanation is found in the ancient Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. Īccording to Jones and Ryan, jnana in jnana yoga context is better understood as "realization or gnosis", referring to a "path of study" wherein one knows the unity between self and ultimate reality called Brahman in Hinduism. According to Bimal Matilal, jnana yoga in Advaita Vedanta connotes both primary and secondary sense of its meaning, that is "self-consciousness, awareness" in the absolute sense and relative "intellectual understanding" respectively. In Hinduism, it is knowledge which gives Moksha, or spiritual liberation while alive ( jivanmukti) or after death ( videhamukti). It particularly refers to knowledge inseparable from the total experience of its object, especially about reality (non-theistic schools) or supreme being (theistic schools). Jnana is knowledge, which refers to any cognitive event that is correct and true over time. The root jñā- is cognate to English know, as well as to the Greek γνώ- (as in γνῶσις gnosis). Jñāna, sometimes transcribed as gyaan, means " knowledge" in Sanskrit. The jñāna-mārga ideas are discussed in ancient and medieval era Hindu scriptures and texts such as the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. The practitioner studies usually with the aid of a guru, meditates, reflects, and reaches liberating insights on the nature of one's own Self (Atman, soul) and its relationship to the metaphysical concept called Brahman in Hinduism. The jñāna yoga is a spiritual practice that pursues knowledge with questions such as "who am I, what am I" among others. Modern interpretations of Hindu texts have yielded systems, techniques and formulations such as raja yoga and kriya yoga.
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The other two are karma yoga (path of action, karma-mārga) and bhakti yoga (path of loving devotion to a personal god, bhakti-mārga). Jñāna yoga, also known as jñāna mārga, is one of the three classical paths ( margas) for moksha (salvation, liberation) in Hinduism, which emphasizes the "path of knowledge", also known as the "path of self-realization".